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- <text id=89TT3308>
- <link 90TT0446>
- <link 89TT3376>
- <link 89TT2284>
- <title>
- Dec. 18, 1989: Colombia:Noble Battle, Terrible Toll
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1989
- Dec. 18, 1989 Money Laundering
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- WORLD, Page 33
- COLOMBIA
- Noble Battle, Terrible Toll
- </hdr><body>
- <p>In his offensive against the coke princes, President Barco has
- dented the drug pipeline but hardly destroyed it. The narcos
- lash back by terrorizing the innocent
- </p>
- <p>By John Moody/Bogota
- </p>
- <p> The army major was flabbergasted at the offer, delivered by
- an emissary of Jose Gonzalo Rodriguez Gacha: in return for
- destroying confiscated documents and computer disks that
- provided a detailed blueprint of Gacha's cocaine empire, the
- officer, whose monthly salary is $300, would receive $1.2
- million. Cash. If he refused, the drug Mafia would hunt him down
- and slaughter him.
- </p>
- <p> How many people would be strong enough to just say no? To
- reject immediate wealth and accept a relentless shadow of
- violent death? Yet the major did say no, and turned over the
- data to his superiors. His bravery is only one unsung ballad of
- honor in Colombia's crusade against its cocaine cowboys. It is
- also the exception, not the rule.
- </p>
- <p> President Virgilio Barco Vargas' four-month-old war against
- his country's top narcos -- Gacha, Pablo Escobar Gaviria and
- the three brothers of Medellin's Ochoa family -- has not gone
- as well as he or the nation had hoped. Since Mob hit men
- assassinated presidential candidate Luis Carlos Galan in August
- and ignited Barco's offensive, the leaders of Colombia's coke
- cartels have gone into hiding, forfeiting posh estates and bank
- accounts; some law-enforcement officials believe that the drug
- princes have even undergone plastic surgery. Nevertheless, Gacha
- and company remain immensely powerful, with their pipeline to
- the U.S. merely dented and their profits still enormous. And in
- the past two weeks they have demonstrated that they do not care
- how many people die in their showdown with the government to see
- who really rules Colombia.
- </p>
- <p> Last week a half-ton of dynamite stashed in a stolen truck
- exploded outside the headquarters of the DAS, the secret police
- in overall charge of the coke battle. The blast, which gouged
- a 30-ft.-deep crater and damaged buildings as far as 40 blocks
- away, killed at least 52 and injured 1,000. The day before the
- bombing, a judge involved in prosecuting the drug masters was
- gunned down while strolling the streets of Medellin. And nine
- days earlier, the narcos planted a bomb that ripped apart an
- Avianca jetliner en route from Bogota to Cali, claiming 107
- lives. An anonymous caller said the plane had been destroyed
- because its passengers included five "snitches" -- people who,
- like the major, had defied the Mob to help the government.
- </p>
- <p> The early weeks of the offensive raised unrealistic
- expectations that the drug empires could be quickly crushed.
- Jungle labs were torched, properties and chemicals seized, and
- some 11,000 people detained. Today, with the war continuing but
- with fewer spectacular results to show for its efforts, the
- Barco administration is having a harder time making its case
- that the struggle is worthwhile. Meanwhile, the drug Mafia has
- struck back with more than 200 bombings and singled out and
- killed at least 13 officials. By the standards of civil war, the
- DAS headquarters would qualify as a military target and
- therefore part of the price paid by a country in conflict. But
- by blasting out of the sky a civilian airplane filled with
- innocent passengers, the narcos served notice that no one is
- safe from their vengeance.
- </p>
- <p> Though the escalating violence is intimidating the
- population and eroding Barco's support throughout the country,
- Colombian officials contend that the season of terror is proof
- that their battle is taking its toll against the intended
- targets. "We're winning," insists General Miguel Maza Marquez,
- who as head of the DAS directs the government's offensive (he
- escaped injury in last week's bombing). "The chieftains no
- longer live comfortably. They are in the mountains. The best
- proof that they are cracking is the level of madness to which
- they have sunk."
- </p>
- <p> The Bush Administration professes to be pleased with
- Bogota's resolve, though officials are studying whether it will
- be safe enough for the President to attend a drug summit in
- Colombia early next year. "Barco is an engineer, and so he took
- a while to make up his mind," says a U.S. official. "But now
- that he's taken a decision to fight these guys, he's
- unshakable." But if Barco's campaign is lauded by the
- politicians in Washington, it has more than its share of
- deserters among the politicians in Colombia. Aware that the
- specter of an American jail cell remains the drug bosses'
- darkest nightmare, the Colombian Supreme Court last October
- upheld Barco's use of executive powers to extradite suspects
- wanted in the U.S. But last week the Colombian House of
- Representatives voted to put the question of extradition on a
- nationwide referendum early next year. In so doing, the
- legislators effectively washed their hands of the issue and
- admitted to their constituents that they do not have the
- gumption to make tough decisions for the country's overall good
- if it means endangering their own lives.
- </p>
- <p> Increasingly, Colombian public opinion favors negotiating
- with the narcos. It is a notion that Barco's associates know
- better than to utter around the office. When police foiled a
- plot to kill Barco's daughter, the flinty President said, "With
- common criminals and gutless assassins, dialogue is not
- possible."
- </p>
- <p> The drug lords seem to be getting the message. An
- authorized spokesman for one of the cartels told TIME that
- Escobar, Gacha and Gilberto Rodriguez Orejuela, don of the Cali
- cartel, recognize Barco's inflexibility and are waiting for his
- term to expire next August. Says the source: "They'll try to
- reason with the next President." But "reason" is surely a
- euphemism for "control." Through intermediaries, the narcos are
- putting money behind candidates for President, Congress and
- mayors of key cities. After election day, the bill will come
- due.
- </p>
- <p> Having endured Barco's best shot so far, the drug
- chieftains appear to be rebuilding their scorched empire.
- Cocaine production, which in September dropped to a quarter of
- its usual level of about 50 tons, is back up to 75%. Says a
- Western diplomat: "They were knocked off balance, but never out
- of business. If they need to boost production, they offer people
- double or triple salary. Money means nothing to them."
- </p>
- <p> The government distinguishes among its enemies, and holds
- Gacha and Escobar responsible for most of Colombia's recent
- violence. By contrast, Bogota considers the Rodriguez Orejuela
- mob from Cali to be white-collar criminals, who would rather
- make money than headlines. While less prone to violence, the
- Cali organization does its share to keep the drug pipeline full.
- The two biggest recent busts in the U.S. -- 22 tons of cocaine
- in Los Angeles concealed in an unguarded warehouse and six tons
- in New York City hidden inside barrels of caustic powder -- both
- originated in Cali.
- </p>
- <p> Barco's war, however, is not primarily intended to keep the
- rest of the world safe from Colombian drugs. He views the
- narcos first as a threat to his country, and thus devotes fewer
- resources to destroying the Cali clan than the other cartels.
- Says General Maza: "In 1984 we didn't have a clear idea of the
- dimension of the problem. We didn't realize that they had our
- society practically under their control. They are killing
- Colombia. We have to resolve this problem first. Then we can
- take part in the world fight."
- </p>
- <p> Gacha has responded to the spotlight in typically ugly
- fashion. His organization plans to introduce American drug users
- to basuco, a partly processed coca plant that is later mixed
- with ether to purify it into cocaine. Basuco, which is just as
- addictive as crack, has long been used by poor Colombians, who
- mix it with tobacco and smoke it. Says a cartel source: "Gacha
- thinks basuco will be very popular among poor Americans. He
- blames America for the injury his business has suffered and
- wants to punish the U.S."
- </p>
- <p> There are signs that the cartel's monopoly on the coke
- trade is waning. Recent bombings in Bogota may be the work of
- free-lance criminals seeking to muscle in on the families'
- business. Authorities believe new organizations are being set
- up in Peru, Bolivia, Mexico and the U.S.
- </p>
- <p> Meanwhile, Colombia's government and its most wanted
- criminals feint and jab at one another. For Barco, the capture
- of Escobar or Gacha would justify his unyielding crusade. For
- the drug thugs, the assassination or abduction of a top
- government official would convince the public that a deal is
- needed. Moans Interior Minister Carlos Lemos Simmonds: "I go
- from an armored car to a guarded office. My feet have not
- touched the streets for weeks. My family lives in terror." An
- understandable lament, but Lemos and his family -- as well as
- the rest of the country -- will continue to live in terror as
- long as the U.S. demand for cocaine remains keen and Colombia's
- drug masters insist on being the main suppliers.
- </p>
-
- </body></article>
- </text>
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